Effect of ventilation rate on air cleanliness and energy consumption in operation rooms at rest

The interrelationships between ventilation rate, indoor air quality, and energy consumption in operation rooms at rest are yet to be understood. We investigate the effect of ventilation rate on indoor air quality indices and energy consumption in ORs at rest. The study investigates the air temperature, relative humidity, concentrations of carbon dioxide, particulate matter (PM), and airborne bacteria at different ventilation rates in operation rooms at rest of a medical center. The energy consumption and cost analysis of the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system in the operation rooms at rest were also evaluated for all ventilation rates. No air-conditioned operation rooms had very highest PM and airborne bacterial concentrations in the operation areas. The bacterial concentration in the operation areas with 6–30 air changes per hour (ACH) was below the suggested level set by the United Kingdom (UK) for an empty operation room. A 70% of reduction in annual energy cost by reducing the ventilation rate from 30 to 6 ACH was found in the operation rooms at rest. Maintenance of operation rooms at ventilation rate of 6 ACH could save considerable amounts of energy and achieve the goal of air cleanliness.     

Effects of climate and land-cover change on the conservation status of gibbons

Species shift their distribution in response to climate and land-cover change, which may result in a spatial mismatch between currently protected areas (PAs) and priority conservation areas (PCAs). We examined the effects of climate and land-cover change on potential range of gibbons and sought to identify PCAs that would conserve them effectively. We collected global gibbon occurrence points and modeled (ecological niche model) their current and potential 2050s ranges under climate-change and different land-cover-change scenarios. We examined change in range and PA coverage between the current and future ranges of each gibbon species. We applied spatial conservation prioritization to identify the top 30% PCAs for each species. We then determined how much of the PCAs are conserved in each country within the global range of gibbons. On average, 31% (SD 22) of each species’ current range was covered in PAs. PA coverage of the current range of 9 species was <30%. Nine species lost on average 46% (SD 29) of their potential range due to climate change. Under climate-change with an optimistic land-cover-change scenario (B1), 12 species lost 39% (SD 28) of their range. In a pessimistic land-cover-change scenario (A2), 15 species lost 36% (SD 28) of their range. Five species lost significantly more range under the A2 scenario than the B1 scenario (p = 0.01, SD 0.01), suggesting that gibbons will benefit from effective management of land cover. PA coverage of future range was <30% for 11 species. On average, 32% (SD 25) of PCAs were covered by PAs. Indonesia contained more species and PCAs and thus has the greatest responsibility for gibbon conservation. Indonesia, India, and Myanmar need to expand their PAs to fulfill their responsibility to gibbon conservation. Our results provide a baseline for global gibbon conservation, particularly for countries lacking gibbon research capacity.     

不境监测信息化建设的问题分析与对策建议

环境监测信息化是环境管理现代化的重要手段,信息化建设是监测现代化的重要组成部分。基于当前环境监测信息化建设的现状,分析了建设过程中经常存在的“信息孤岛”、系统失衡、进度延期等问题,提出了建设初期做好IT规划、实施阶段重视项目管理的对策和建议,并依据监测站的实践经验对实施要点加以阐述。解决好这些问题,将推动环境监测信息化建设工作更加高效合理地进行,提升监测信息化程度,对提高环境管理和环境决策的水平具有重要意义。     

中国突发环境事件时间序列分析

突发性环境事件时间序列特征可表征环境风险管理成效及存在问题。研究表明2000年以来中国突发环境事件预防、控制与管理取得了显著成效,其中,突发性水污染事件、大气污染事件以及噪声振动危害年发生频次呈大幅度降低趋势,但固废污染事件自2003年以来的年发生频次变化不大,而其它突发性环境事件自2002年以来的年发生频次则呈快速增长态势,说明中国在强调突发性水环境和大气环境事件监管的同时,还需加强固废污染事件及其它类型突发环境事件的监控与管理。     

饮用水源地污染物监控与应急预警机制

为实施流域饮用水资源有效保护,从技术管理层面分析流域水资源共享过程中标准体系的构成与作用。对现阶段实施的生活饮用水卫生标准、地表水环境质量标准和排水标准中涵盖的有机污染物进行对称性分析,指出标准体系中存在的技术风险以及生活污水和工业废水混排存在的管理风险,并针对管理风险提出应急预警对策。     

输变电工程电磁辐射污染的初步探讨

为了解输变电工程对周边环境的影响,对南阳地区某110 kV输变电工程进行实地监测。结果表明,工频电场、工频磁场和无线电干扰远远低于国家相关标准限值,而且随着距离的递增呈衰减趋势。然而监测往往选在"好天气"的时间进行,不能反映"坏天气"的实际状况。结合输变电工程环境影响评价的实际工作经验,分析电磁污染和公众参与现状,发现问题并提出建议。     

地下水环境影响评价导则执行过程中遇到的问题及建议

对中国各地区地下水的水质情况进行了调查,分析了地下水环境管理和保护工作中的问题,指出地下水污染防治工作的重要性、迫切性。对《环境影响评价技术导则地下水环境》(HJ 610-2011)的工作等级划分、环境影响识别、环境现状调查、影响评价及污染防治等内容进行了简要介绍,汇总了评价导则执行后,对各类项目进行地下水评价过程中遇到的困难和问题,并在对各种问题进行分析的基础上,提出了有针对性的解决方法和建议。     

水体中二甲胺的吸附与氧化降解

模拟二甲胺的水体污染,采用静态实验装置,从吸附的热力学和动力学方向,讨论活性炭对水体中二甲胺的降解情况;同时讨论了Fenton氧化-活性炭联合法降解二甲胺的效果。结果表明,活性炭吸附二甲胺是一个放热自发的过程,在常温下吸附符合Langmuir的吸附等温模型,吸附速率较慢,在90 min左右才能够达到吸附平衡,同时,溶液的pH值越大,活性炭对二甲胺的吸附作用越明显;而Fenton氧化-活性炭联合法对高浓度的二甲胺溶液降解效果明显,当按H2O2 2.4 mL/L,FeSO.47H2O 12 mg/L,活性炭0.2 g/L的比例投加药剂时,二甲胺的去除率在99%以上,溶液COD的去除率达到81.6%。     

水泥炉窑SNCR及SCR烟气脱硝技术比较

通过分析水泥炉窑氮氧化物(NOx)生成机理、脱除技术以及国内外水泥炉窑脱硝现状并结合我国具体情况,探讨适合我国的水泥炉窑切实可行脱硝技术,为"十二五"期间我国水泥炉窑开展烟气脱硝整治工作提供技术性方向。     

空塔钠碱法烟气脱硫实验研究

在内径200mm,高度1100mm的喷淋塔内,采用Na2CO3作为吸收剂进行SO2吸收实验,重点研究了液气比(L/G)、空塔气速、进口SO2质量浓度、吸收液pH及初始浓度对脱硫效率的影响。通过实验得到该系统适宜操作条件:吸收液pH值在6.5～7.5之间,液气比在1～1.5之间,吸收液初始浓度5%,空塔气速1.6m/s,在此条件下,进口SO2质量浓度在3000mg/m3以内,脱硫效率可以达到80%以上。